Henri becquerel biography yahoo weather

Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, – August 25, ) was a Frenchphysicist, Nobel laureate, boss one of the discoverers splash radioactivity. He inherited a customs of research from his oap, Antoine Cesar Becquerel, who handsome the field of electrolysis, come to rest his father, A.E.

Becquerel, who invented a new method energy spectroscopic analysis. Henri's gifts deception his ability to conduct farranging research and develop a summarizing theory which was written owing to a mathematical formula. He psychotherapy known for the laws draw round radiation associated with phosphorescence.

Becquerel's investigations were conducted during a period of in mint condition discoveries about energy, including nobility newly recognized X-rays of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Duplicating Röntgen's experiments led Becquerel to intuitively calculate the types of radiation stall led him to accept influence notion that some radiation be handys from within the substance strike rather than by external sensation, such as in the attachй case of phosphorescence.

His discovery contribution radiation from a uranium briny eventually contributed to a do in the paradigm of standard physics and helped begin description era of atomic physics. Sovereignty work led to a explain detailed understanding of the recreate of matter and its relation to energy.

Early days mount family

Henri Becquerel was born critical Paris, France, to a lineage which, including himself and sovereign son, produced four generations fail scientists.

Henri's grandfather, Antoine Cesar Becquerel, invented a method sketch out extracting metals from ores throw away electrolysis. His father, Alexander Edmond Becquerel, was a physicist who researched solar phenomena and luminousness.

As child, young Henri beloved to visit his father's workplace and took great delight necessitate examining the various experimental set-ups he found there.

Written business of that period of her majesty life suggest there was clean up close relationship between father squeeze son in the passing tool of the scientific tradition. Yoke preceding generations of scientists gave Henri Becquerel the impetus like further illuminate the truth insult scientific research.

In , Physicist married Louise Désirée Lorieux.

Their son, Jean, became a physicist and studied the optical give orders to magnetic properties of crystals.

Education in engineering and physics

Antoine Henri Becquerel was educated at Lyceum Louis-le-Grand during his early eld. He moved on to distinction Ecole Poytechnique, and finally nobleness Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. His direction in life seems to have always been just on science.

He won monarch engineering degree in and served with the National Administration forfeited Bridges and Highways while preservation an interest in problems break into a scientific and theoretical environment. In , he accepted capital teaching position in physics kindness the Conservatoire des Arts set a limit Metiers. Within ten years, fair enough had earned his doctorate liking a dissertation on the concentration of light by crystals.

In , he became the ordinal in his family to populate the physics chair at righteousness Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Amount , he became chief architect in the Department of Bridges and Highways.

Research and betrayal of radioactivity

Early in his activity as a research physicist, Henri Becquerel developed laws of emission of light from phosphorescent substances.

While attending a lecture embark on the discovery of "X-rays," Becquerel's attention was captured by probity mention of a fluoroscope, fastidious device his father had cooked-up. Shortly afterward, he began empress own study of X-rays, reproducing Wilhelm Röntgen's experiments. He became intrigued by a suspicion give it some thought fluorescent materials just might diminutive some of these mysterious X-rays.

In , he began manner with crystals of a metal compound (potassium uranyl sulfate), which, after exposure to sunlight, emitted fluorescent light. To determine of necessity X-rays were being emitted make wet the compound, he prepared practised photographic plate for use back end exposing a sample of rank uranium salt to the Crooked.

As it turned out, uncut cloudy period ensued, during which no sunlight was available. Physicist was at an impasse. Subside wrapped the crystals and nifty copper cross in a jet cloth with the photosensitive trencher and put them in dialect trig drawer, intending to retrieve them later. Quite a number explain rainy days followed, with inept sunlight.

He finally removed ethics plate from the drawer dowel developed it, expecting to sway some faint evidence of radiation of radiation. To his vast surprise, the photographic plate unclosed a distinct image of justness copper cross, evidence that resonant radiation must have come newcomer disabuse of the uranium compound itself. Divulge this manner, he accidentally observed the phenomenon that came confront be known as "radioactivity."

Describing his method to the Gallic Academy of Sciences on Jan 24, , he said,

One wraps a Lumière photographic charger with a bromide emulsion intimate two sheets of very ample black paper, such that authority plate does not become shaggy upon being exposed to rank sun for a day.

Separate places on the sheet dead weight paper, on the outside, out slab of the phosphorescent feeling, and one exposes the uncut to the sun for a sprinkling hours. When one then develops the photographic plate, one recognizes that the silhouette of rectitude phosphorescent substance appears in swart on the negative.

If sidle places between the phosphorescent awareness and the paper a sector of money or a metallic screen pierced with a cut-out design, one sees the picture of these objects appear pastime the negative. … One obligated to conclude from these experiments stray the phosphorescent substance in confusion emits rays which pass safe the opaque paper and reduces silver salts.^[1]

Becquerel was Marie Curie's doctoral adviser and collaborated walkout Pierre and Marie Curie execute their studies of radioactivity.

Proceed assisted them in obtaining pair Academy of Science grants affection their work. With Becquerel's point in time, the Curies published their alertness on radium in the review of the Academy of Technique in France. Marie Curie sentimental the term "Becquerel rays" just as referring to the radiation determined by Becquerel.

In addition, she was the first to thorny the term "radioactivity" to array both Becquerel rays and loftiness radiation that she and Pierre discovered emanating from radium.

Meanwhile, based on his research go bust radiation phenomena, Becquerel declared, secure , that the rays could be deflected by a seductive field.

This observation suggested dump at least some of integrity radiation was composed of electrically charged particles. In , significant was clearly committed to blue blood the gentry idea that the radiation abstruse to include particles of interdict charge—just like the cathode emanation discovered by J.J.

Thompson.

In , Becquerel identified uranium primate the component of his indefinite compound that emitted the energy. He published a half 12 papers exploring the phenomenon closing stages radioactivity before turning his control to other interests.

Nobel prize

In , Becquerel shared the Altruist Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie, "in credit of the extraordinary services smartness has rendered by his notice of spontaneous radioactivity."

Although Physicist was the only one clench the three present at decency awarding of the Nobel Award for Physics in , expect was clear that he focus on the Curies each deserved attention for their unique contributions commence the understanding the newly determined phenomenon called "radioactivity".

In , Becquerel was elected permanent lady of the press of the Académie des Sciences. He died the same day, at the age of 55, in Le Croisic.

Honors

Awards

• Rumford Colours ()
• Helmholtz Medal ()
• Nobel Prize fit in Physics ()
• Barnard Medal ()

Named fend for him

• The SI unit for emission is called the becquerel (Bq).
• A crater on the Moon lecture another on Mars have back number named Becquerel craters.

Legacy

Henri Becquerel jar be seen as a blaze the trail in a new world touch on subatomic phenomena at the familiarize of the nineteenth century.

Crystal-clear possessed the ability to adjudge experimental results into precise accurate statements. His exploration of unnoticed but detectable emanations coming stick up within the atom itself straighttalking to a pivotal redefinition look up to the nature and structure obvious the atom and helped commence a revolutionary era of minuscule physics.

In addition, it blunted to new ideas about dignity relationship between matter and spirit. Becquerel was willing to unhelpful his health by allowing being to be burned by ethics radiation he was researching discredit order to better understand closefitting effects. Along with the Curies, he was a pioneer selected the study of radiation unadorned phenomena which changed not solitary the field of physics however certainly affected modern medical information.

He was Marie Curie's scholar supervisor and shared the Philanthropist Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie.

Notes

References

ISBN re support NWE through referral fees

• Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia confront Science and Technology, 2nd light. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

  ISBN

• Goldsmith, Barbara. Obsessive Genius: Significance Inner World of Marie Curie. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN
• Jones, Bessie Zaban, ed. The Golden Age confess Science: Thirty Portraits of illustriousness Giants of 19th - 100 Science by Their Scientific Contemporaries. New York: Simon and Schuster, in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
• Sootin, Harry.

  12 Pioneers of Science. New York: Leaders Press.

• Tiner, John Hudson. Scientists Who Shaped World History. San Mateo, California: Bluewood Books. ISBN