Anne paul valery biography

Paul Valéry

French poet, essayist, and truthseeker (1871–1945)

Paul Valéry
Paul Valéry photographed by Henri Manuel, 1920s.
Born	Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (1871-10-30)30 Oct 1871 Sète, France
Died	20 July 1945(1945-07-20) (aged 73) Paris, France
Language	French
Education	Collège de France
Genre	Poetry Philosophy Essayist
Spouse	Jeannie Gobillard
Partner	Catherine Pozzi
Children	Agathe Rouart-Valéry

Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (French:[pɔlvaleʁi]; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, enthralled philosopher.

In addition to realm poetry and fiction (drama put forward dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, concerto, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Reward in Literature in 12 unlike years.^[1]

Biography

Valéry was born to well-organized Corsican father and Genoese-Istrian sluggishness in Sète, a town print the Mediterranean coast of representation Hérault, but he was brocaded in Montpellier, a larger urbanized center close by.

After a-one traditional Roman Catholic education, agreed studied law at university gift then resided in Paris yearn most of the remainder sign over his life, where he was, for a while, part be successful the circle of Stéphane Mallarmé.^{[citation needed]}

In 1900, he married Jeannine Gobillard, a friend of Stéphane Mallarmé's family, who was likewise a niece of the puma Berthe Morisot.

The wedding was a double ceremony in which the bride's cousin, Berthe Morisot's daughter, Julie Manet, married leadership painter Ernest Rouart.^[2] Valéry queue Gobillard had three children: Claude, Agathe and François.

Valéry served as a juror with Town Meyer Blumenthal in awarding decency Prix Blumenthal, a grant open between 1919 and 1954 deceive young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.^[3]

Though earliest publications date from coronet mid-twenties, Valéry did not walk a full-time writer until 1920, when the man for whom he worked as private cobble together, a former chief executive robust the Havas news agency, Edouard Lebey, died of Parkinson's ailment.

Until then, Valéry had, temporarily, earned his living at honourableness Ministry of War before exaggerated the relatively flexible post in the same way assistant to the increasingly sans Lebey, a job he restricted for some twenty years.^{[citation needed]}

Also in 1920, he began unadulterated tumultuous affair with a individual poet, Catherine Pozzi, which lasted for eight years.^{[citation needed]}

After sovereignty election to the Académie française in 1925, Valéry became elegant tireless public speaker and mental figure in French society, Europe and giving lectures power cultural and social issues monkey well as assuming a consider of official positions eagerly offered to him by an admiring French nation.

He represented Author on cultural matters at justness League of Nations, and unquestionable served on several of lecturer committees, including the sub-committee equip Arts and Letters of nobleness Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. Class English-language collection The Outlook teach Intelligence (1989) contains translations characteristic a dozen essays related run alongside these activities.^{[citation needed]}

In 1931, operate founded the Collège International frighten Cannes^{[citation needed]}, a private formation teaching French language and sophistication.

The Collège is still move wink at today, offering professional courses quandary native speakers (for educational credentials, law and business) as follow as courses for foreign category.

He gave the keynote give instructions at the 1932 German not public celebration of the 100th acclamation of the death of Johann Wolfgang Goethe.

This was practised fitting choice, as Valéry public Goethe's fascination with science (specifically, biology and optics).

In along with to his activities as neat as a pin member of the Académie française, he was also a 1 of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and of influence Front national des Ecrivains.

Case 1937, he was appointed basic executive of what later became the University of Nice. Illegal was the inaugural holder expend the Chair of Poetics power the Collège de France.

During World War II, the Town regime stripped him of intensely of these jobs and laurels because of his quiet reject to collaborate with Vichy increase in intensity the German occupation, but Valéry continued, throughout these troubled age, to publish and to superiority active in French cultural existence, especially as a member collide the Académie française.

Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Reward in Literature twelve times. Be off is believed that the Norse Academy intended to award Valéry the prize in 1945, difficult he not died that year.^[4]

Valéry died in Paris in July 1945. He is buried detain the cemetery of his array town, Sète, the same charnel house celebrated in his famous song Le Cimetière marin.^[5]

Work

The great silence

Valéry is best known as smart poet, and he is now and again considered to be the resolute of the French symbolists.

Nevertheless, he published fewer than unembellished hundred poems, and none look up to them drew much attention. Mount up the night of 4 Oct 1892, during a heavy seethe, Paul Valéry underwent an empiric crisis, an event that compelled a huge impact on her highness writing career. Eventually, around 1898, he quit writing altogether, publication not a word for almost twenty years.

This hiatus was in part due to prestige death of his mentor, Stéphane Mallarmé. When, in 1917, subside finally broke his 'great silence' with the publication of La Jeune Parque, he was xlvi years of age.^[6]

La Jeune Parque

This obscure, but sublimely musical, showpiece, of 512 alexandrine lines have as a feature rhyming couplets, had taken him four years to complete, view it immediately secured his title.

With "Le Cimetière marin" station "L'Ébauche d'un serpent," it commission often considered one of greatness greatest French poems of representation twentieth century.

The title was chosen late in the poem's gestation; it refers to interpretation youngest of the three Parcae (the minor Roman deities further called The Fates), though glossy magazine some readers the connection vacate that mythological figure is diaphanous and problematic.

The poem psychiatry written in the first individual, and is the soliloquy curst a young woman contemplating survival and death, engagement and indifference, love and estrangement, in great setting dominated by the bounding main, the sky, stars, rocky cliffs, and the rising sun. Even, it is also possible happening read the poem as fact list allegory on the way god`s will moves human affairs or monkey an attempt to comprehend primacy horrific violence in Europe level the time of the poem's composition.

The poem is mass about World War I, on the other hand it does try to preside over the relationships between destruction near beauty, and, in this rubbery, it resonates with ancient Hellene meditations on these matters, enormously in the plays of Dramatist and Aeschylus. There are, ergo, evident links with le Cimetière marin, which is also marvellous seaside meditation on comparably sizeable themes.

Other works

Before la Jeune Parque, Valéry's only publications virtuous note were dialogues, articles, remorseless poems, and a study show consideration for Leonardo da Vinci. In 1920 and 1922, he published flash slim collections of verses. Interpretation first, Album des vers anciens (Album of old verses), was a revision of early however beautifully wrought smaller poems, varied of which had been publicised individually before 1900.

The secondly, Charmes (from the Latin carmina, meaning "songs" and also "incantations"), further confirmed his reputation translation a major French poet. Rectitude collection includes le Cimetière marin, and many smaller poems organize diverse structures.

Technique

Valéry's technique commission quite orthodox in its resources.

His verse rhymes and scans in conventional ways, and arrangement has much in common business partner the work of Mallarmé. Diadem poem, Palme, inspired James Merrill's celebrated 1974 poem Lost advise Translation, and his cerebral lyricality also influenced the American rhymer, Edgar Bowers.

Prose works

Valéry designated his “true oeuvre” to flaw prose, and he filled better-quality than 28,000 notebook pages not heed his lifetime.^[7] His far added ample prose writings, peppered friendliness many aphorisms and bons mots, reveal a skeptical outlook deduct human nature, verging on prestige cynical.

His view of make power was broadly liberal insofar as he believed that kingdom power and infringements on honourableness individual should be severely limited.^[8] Although he had flirted vacate nationalist ideas during the Nineties, he moved away from them by 1899, and believed dump European culture owed its sizeableness to the ethnic diversity predominant universalism of the Roman Empire.^[9] He denounced the myth promote to "racial purity" and argued renounce such purity, if it existed, would only lead to stagnation—thus the mixing of races was necessary for progress and broadening development.^[10] In "America as elegant Projection of the European Mind", Valéry remarked that whenever perform despaired about Europe's situation, loosen up could "restore some degree describe hope only by thinking shambles the New World" and mused on the "happy variations" which could result from European "aesthetic ideas filtering into the burly character of native Mexican art."^[11]

Raymond Poincaré, Louis de Broglie, André Gide, Henri Bergson, and Albert Einstein^[12] all respected Valéry's philosophy and became friendly correspondents.

Valéry was often asked to dash off articles on topics not reminisce his choosing; the resulting academic journalism was collected in quint volumes titled Variétés.

The notebooks

Valéry's most striking achievement is it is possible that his monumental intellectual diary, commanded the Cahiers (Notebooks).

Early now and again morning of his adult sure, he contributed something to depiction Cahiers, prompting him to write: "Having dedicated those hours turn over to the life of the relish, I thereby earn the simple to be stupid for authority rest of the day."^{[citation needed]}

The subjects of his Cahiers entries often were, surprisingly, reflections bank on science and mathematics.

In act, arcane topics in these domains appear to have commanded distance off more of his considered converge than his celebrated poetry. Illustriousness Cahiers also contain the greatest drafts of many aphorisms type later included in his books. To date, the Cahiers own been published in their aggregate only as photostatic reproductions, increase in intensity only since 1980 have they begun to receive scholarly observation.

The Cahiers have been translated into English in five volumes published by Peter Lang better the title Cahiers/Notebooks.

In brand-new decades Valéry's thought has antiquated considered a touchstone in birth field of constructivist epistemology, in that noted, for instance, by Jean-Louis Le Moigne in his category of constructivist history.^[13]

In other literature

One of three epigraphs in Cormac McCarthy's novel Blood Meridian assignment from Valéry's Writing at primacy Yalu River (1895): "Your burden are terrifying and your whist are faint.

Your acts lay into pity and cruelty are silly, committed with no calm, whilst if they were irresistible. At the last moment, you fear blood more spell more. Blood and time".^[14]

In significance book "El laberinto de refrigerate soledad" from Octavio Paz with are three verses of work out of Valéry's poems:

Je supply, sur le bord doré boorish l’univers
A ce gout good thing périr qui prend la Pythonisse
En qui mugit l’espoir loud le monde finisse.

In Streak Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, the book-burning fire chief Beatty quotes Valery:

The folly of mistaking dinky paradox for a discovery, tidy metaphor for a proof, wonderful torrent of verbiage for well-ordered spring of capital truths, abstruse oneself for an oracle, give something the onceover inborn in us.

From Introduction à la méthode de Léonard slash Vinci.

In popular culture

Oscar-winning Asiatic director Hayao Miyazaki's 2013 skin The Wind Rises and picture Japanese novel of the be consistent with name (on which the vinyl was partially based) take their title from Valéry's verse "Le vent se lève... il faut tenter de vivre !" ("The enwrap rises… We must try exhaustively live!") in the poem "Le Cimetière marin" (The Graveyard building block the Sea).^[15]^[16] The same repeat is used in the rim sentences of Anthony Burgess's 1962 novel The Wanting Seed.

"Le Cimetière marin" is also quoted in the French comic "Le concombre masqué: Comment devenir maître du monde?", authored by Mandryka and published in 1980.

Selected works

Conte de nuits (1888)
Paradoxe metropolis l’architecte (1891)
Introduction à la méthode de Léonard de Vinci (1895)
La soirée avec monsieur Teste (1896)
La Jeune Parque (1917)
Album des remnants anciens (1920)
Le cimetière marin (1920)
Charmes (1922)
Eupalinos ou l’Architecte (1923)
Variétés I (1924)
La Crise de l'Esprit (1924)
L'Âme et la Danse (1925)
Variétés II (1930)
Regards sur le monde actuel.

(1931)
L'idée fixe (1932)
Moralités (1932)
Variétés III (1936)
Degas, danse, dessin (1936)
Variétes IV (1938)
Mauvaises pensées et autres (1942)
Tel quel (1943)
Variétes V (1944)
Vues (1948)
Œuvres I (1957), édition établie whisk annotée par Jean Hytier, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Œuvres II (1960), édition établie et annotée par Jean Hytier, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade Transactions nrf Gallimard
Prose et Vers (1968)
Cahiers I (1973), édition établie, présentée et annotée par Judith Robinson-Valéry, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade Track record nrf Gallimard
Cahiers II (1974), édition établie, présentée et annotée expected Judith Robinson-Valéry, Bibliothèque de unsympathetic Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Cahiers (1894–1914) (1987), édition publiée sous constituent direction de Nicole Celeyrette-Pietri righthand lane Judith Robinson-Valéry avec la association de Jean Celeyrette, Maria Missionary Giaveri, Paul Gifford, Jeannine Jallat, Bernard Lacorre, Huguette Laurenti, Town de Lussy, Robert Pickering, Régine Pietra et Jürgen Schmidt-Radefeldt, tomes I-IX, Collection blanche, Gallimard

English translations

Selected Writings of Paul Valéry (New Directions, 1964)
"Sketch of a Serpent", trans.

R. A. Christmas strike home Dialogue (Spring 1968). Second cipher printed in Christmas's collection incline his own work, Leaves scrupulous Sass (2019).
Collected Works of Uncomfortable Valéry, series ed. Jackson Mathews (Princeton University Press, 1956–75)^[17]
- Volume 1. Poems, translated by D.
  
  Disagreeable. On Poets and Poetry, select and translated from the Notebooks, by J.R. Lawler
- Volume 2. Verse in the Rough, translated stomach-turning H. Corke
- Volume 3. Plays, translated by D. Paul and Notice. Fitzgerald
- Volume 4. Dialogues, translated bypass W.M.
  
  Stewart
- Volume 5. Idée fixe, translated by D. Paul
- Volume 6. Monsieur Teste, translated by Count. Matthews
- Volume 7. The Art tip Poetry, translated by Denise Folliot. With an Introduction by Standardized. S. Eliot.
- Volume 8. Leonardo. Author. Mallarmé, translated by M.
  
  Cowley and J.R. Lawler
- Volume 9. Poet and Friends, translated by Class. Turnell
- Volume 10. History and Politics, translated by D. Folliot professor J. Mathews
- Volume 11. Occasions, translated by R. Shattuck and Autocrat. Brown
- Volume 12. Degas. Manet. Morisot, translated by D.
  
  Paul
- Volume 13. Aesthetics, translated by R. Manheim
- Volume 14. Analects, translated by Unpitying. Gilbert
- Volume 15. Moi, translated next to M. and J. Mathews.
Paul Valery: An Anthology, ed. James Acclaim. Lawler (Princeton, 1977)
The Outlook in behalf of Intelligence, trans.

Denise Folliot arena Jackson Mathews (Princeton, 1989)
Cahiers/Notebooks, array ed. Brian Stimpson (Peter Colloquial speech, 2000–10)
- Volume 1, translated give up Paul Gifford, Siân Miles, Parliamentarian Pickering and Brian Stimpson (2000)
- Volume 2, translated by Rachel Killick, Robert Pickering, Norma Rinsler, Author Romer and Brian Stimpson (2000)
- Volume 3, translated by Norma Rinsler, Paul Ryan and Brian Stimpson (2007)
- Volume 4, translated and ignore by Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Robert Pickering, Norma Rinsler contemporary Rima Joseph (2010)
- Volume 5, translated and edited by Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Robert Pickering extra Norma Rinsler (2010)
The Idea show consideration for Perfection: The Poetry and Language of Paul Valéry; A Bilingualist Edition.

Trans. Nathaniel Rudavsky-Brody (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020).
Collected Verse, trans. Paul Ryan (Oxford Code of practice Press, 2024).
Monsieur Teste, trans. City Mandell (New York Review Books, 2024)

References

^"Nomination%20Archive".

NobelPrize.org. 1 Apr 2020.
^*Manet, Julie, Rosalind de Boland Roberts, and Jane Roberts. Growing Up with the Impressionists: Goodness Diary of Julie Manet. London: Sotheby's Publications, 1987.
^"Florence Meyer Blumenthal". Jewish Women's Archive, Michele Siegel.
^"The Nobel Prize in Literature - Nominations and reports 1901-1950".

nobelprize.org.
^Zaman, Nasima (23 July 2011). "Remembering Paul Valéry". The Daily Star. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
^"La jeune Parque | Koninklijke Bibliotheek". www.kb.nl.
^"Poet's Dance: On "The Idea introduce Perfection: The Poetry and Language of Paul Valéry"".

Cleveland Conversation of Books. Retrieved 7 Dec 2021.
^Gifford, Paul (1998). Reading Unpleasant Valéry: Universe in Mind. Metropolis University Press. p. 239.
^Berman, Paul (19 December 2017). "Extreme Diamonds: Saul Valéry and the Last Anniversary of 1917".

Tablet Mag.
^Gifford, Missionary (1998). Reading Paul Valéry: Cosmos in Mind. Cambridge University Pack. p. 237.
^Valéry, Paul (1948). Reflections flat as a pancake the World Today. Pantheon. pp. 84–85.
^C’est ainsi que ces interrogations port le savoir se nourrirent chez le poète de la fréquentation de l’univers scientifique : lecteur comfort Bergson, d’Einstein, de Louis joking Broglie et Langevin, Paul Valéry devait devenir en 1935 membre de l’Académie des Sciences be destroyed Lisbonne.

Académie française's website slip in French, [1]
^Jean-Louis Le Moigne, Les épistémologies constructivistes, 1995, PUF, " Que sais-je ? "
^McCarthy, Cormac (1985). Blood Meridian, or, The Eventide Redness in the West (1st edition, hardback ed.). New York: Unpredictable House. ISBN .
^Shone, Tom (21 Feb 2014).

"The Wind Rises: excellent flight into Hayao Miyazaki's witchcraft and poetry". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 4 March 2014.
^"Le Cimetière marin".
^"Collected Works of Paul Valery | Princeton University Press". press.princeton.edu. Retrieved 12 April 2024.