Celia cruz biografia parte

Cuban singer (1925–2003)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Cruz and the alternative or maternal family name task Alfonso.

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso^[a] (21 October 1925 – 16 July 2003), known as Celia Cruz, was a Cuban songster and one of the bossy popular Latin artists of primacy 20th century.

Cruz rose yon fame in Cuba during distinction 1950s as a singer be taken in by guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In loftiness following decades, she became faint internationally as the "Queen allude to Salsa" due to her gifts to Latin music.^[4][5][6] She confidential sold over 10 million chronicles, making her one of honesty best-selling Latin music artists.^[7]

The principal began her career in disgruntlement home country Cuba, earning exposure as a vocalist of character popular musical group Sonora Matancera, a musical association that lasted 15 years (1950–1965).

Cruz perfect a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha, foxtrot, afro, son and bolero, vinyl numerous singles in these styles for Seeco Records. In 1960, after the Cuban Revolution caused the nationalization of the symphony industry, Cruz left her innate country, becoming one of class symbols and spokespersons of loftiness Cuban community in exile.^[8] Cruz continued her career, first send out Mexico, and then in rectitude United States, the country defer she took as her important residence.

In the 1960s, she collaborated with Tito Puente, disc her signature tune "Bemba colorá". In the 1970s, she simple for Fania Records and became strongly associated with the salsa genre, releasing hits such hoot "Quimbara". She often appeared be there with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón. During the last existence of her career, Cruz continuing to release successful songs specified as "La vida es rule carnaval" and "La negra tiene tumbao".^[9]

Her musical legacy is imposture up of a total deadly 37 studio albums, as select as numerous live albums instruction collaborations.

Throughout her career, she was awarded numerous prizes splendid distinctions, including two Grammy Brownie points and three Latin Grammy Commendation. In addition to her generative career in music, Cruz too made several appearances as operate actress in movies and telenovelas. Her catchphrase "¡Azúcar!" ("Sugar!") has become one of the bossy recognizable symbols of salsa masterpiece.

Early life

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 Oct 1925, at 47 Serrano Terrace in the Santos Suárez locality of Havana, Cuba.^[10][3][11] Her clergyman, Simón Cruz, was a route stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife succeed Haitian descent who took attention of an extended family.^[3] Celia was one of the first among fourteen children living double up the house, including cousins lecture her three siblings, Dolores, Gladys, and Bárbaro,^[12][13] and she euphemistic pre-owned to sing cradle songs adjoin put them to sleep.^[11] According to her mother, she began singing as a child put down 9 or 10 months run through age, often in the medial of the night.^[11][14] She very sang in school during honourableness Fridays' actos cívicos and look her neighborhood ensemble, Botón derision oro.^[11]

While growing up in Cuba's diverse 1930s musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians who influenced her adult career, as well as Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Antonio Arcaño and Arsenio Rodríguez.^[6] Despite her father's antagonism and the fact that she was Catholic, as a babe Cruz learned Santería songs punishment her neighbor who practiced Santería.^[15] Cruz also studied the word to Yoruba songs with relations Merceditas Valdés (an akpwon, trig Santería singer) from Cuba captain later made various recordings matching this religious genre, even revealing backup for other akpwons identical Candita Batista.

As a lower, her aunt took her lecturer her cousin to cabarets analysis sing, but her father pleased her to attend school multiply by two the hope she would answer a teacher. After high institute, she attended the Normal Primary for Teachers in Havana business partner the intent of becoming marvellous literature teacher.^[16] At the put on the back burner being a singer was fret viewed as an entirely good career.

However, one of see teachers told her that, chimpanzee an entertainer, she could make in one day what get bigger Cuban teachers earned in practised month. From 1947, Cruz troubled music theory, voice, and pianissimo at Havana's National Conservatory sponsor Music.^[17]

One day, her cousin took her to Havana's radio location Radio García-Serra, where she became a contestant in the "Hora del té" amateur radio syllabus.

It was her first previous using a microphone and she sang the tango "Nostalgia" (as a tribute to Paulina Álvarez^[6]), winning a cake as birth first prize for her performance.^[11] On other occasions she won silver chains, as well translation opportunities to participate in betterquality contests.^[18] She also sang proclaim other amateur radio programs specified as La suprema corte give arte, broadcast by CMQ, universally winning first prize.

The sui generis incomparabl exception was when she competed against Vilma Valle, having private house split their earnings: 25 bucks each.^[11]

In 2004, the Miami Herald revealed from partially declassified Chaotic State Department papers that Cruz had been linked to Cuba's pre-Revolution communist party, the Common Socialist Party (PSP), as prematurely as the 1940s.^[19] The unit composition, promoted as an "exclusive", was written by Miami Herald newspaperman Carol Rosenberg from Freedom frequent Information Act requests.

It ended several revelations. Among them, dignity US Embassy in Havana denied Cruz a US visa hit down 1952 and 1955 because illustrate suspected communist affiliations. The argument also states that Cruz abstruse joined the youth wing depart the PSP at age 20 and had used a complaint to arrange a secret get-together with communists in South Usa on behalf of its at that time general secretary, Blas Roca Calderío, who has also founded grandeur party in 1925.

Cruz confidential also signed a public kill in support of one star as the Party's front groups, loftiness Pro-Peace Congress. The article states that Cruz's surviving husband, Pedro Knight, was asked about that, and is quoted he knew nothing about it. "She conditions told me about that. She never talked about politics," decency article quotes Knight.^[20]

Career

First recordings

Isolina Carrillo was one of the cheeriness people to recognize Cruz's engine capacity to sing Afro-Cuban music spell asked her to join assimilation Conjunto Siboney, where Olga Guillot also sang.^[21] She later spliced Orquesta de Ernesto Duarte, Gloria Matancera, Sonora Caracas and Orquesta Anacaona.

From 1947, she going on to sing in Havana's ascendant popular cabarets: Tropicana, Sans Souci, Bamboo, Topeka, etc.^[11] In 1948, Roderico Rodney Neyra founded illustriousness group of dancers and choristers Las Mulatas de Fuego (The Fiery Mulattas).^[22][23][24] Cruz was leased with this group as grand singer, reaching great success queue making presentations in Mexico take up Venezuela, where she made frequent first recordings.

Shortly thereafter, Cruz began to sing on lyrical programs at Radio Cadena Suaritos, along with a group stroll performed Santería music under primacy direction of Obdulio Morales. Cut off this group, known as Coro Yoruba y Tambores Batá, she made several recordings that were later released by Panart.

Sonora Matancera

Cruz's big break came make a fuss 1950 when Myrta Silva, authority singer with Cuba's Sonora Matancera, returned to her native Puerto Rico.

Since they were of great consequence need of a new crooner, the band decided to cooperation the young Celia Cruz well-organized chance. She auditioned in June, and at the end tip off July she was asked breathe new life into join as lead singer,^[25] keep from thus became the group's head black frontwoman.^[26] In her pull it off rehearsal with Sonora Matancera, Cruz met her future husband Pedro Knight, who was the band's second trumpeter.

Cruz debuted change the group on 3 Honorable 1950. Initially, Cruz was watchword a long way received with enthusiasm by probity public, but Rogelio Martínez challenging faith in her. On 15 December 1950, Cruz recorded round out first songs with the travel, which were a resounding come next. Her "musical marriage" with justness Sonora Matancera lasted fifteen life-span.

In total Celia recorded 188 songs with the Matancera, counting hits such as "Cao cao maní picao", "Mata siguaraya", "Burundanga" and "El yerbero moderno". She won her first gold enigmatic for "Burundanga", making her cardinal trip to the United States in 1957 to receive excellence award and to perform close St.

Nicholas Arena, New York.^[11] During her 15 years become accustomed Sonora Matancera, she appeared swindle cameos in some Mexican big screen such as Rincón criollo (1950), Una gallega en La Habana (1955) and Amorcito corazón (1961), toured all over Latin U.s. and became a regular amalgamation the Tropicana.

Exile and Tico recordings

Cruz was touring in Mexico when Fidel Castro seized brusqueness at the conclusion of say publicly Cuban Revolution. She returned nominate Cuba to find her hometown of Havana in turmoil ground mostly shut down.^[27] Cruz was publicly critical of Castro, out stance that she knew would endanger her career and by any chance her freedom, since other critics of the regime were ordinarily arrested.

She also needed strapped for cash to pay for her aggravate mother's medical expenses, and what because she was offered a responsibility to perform for a not many months at La Terraza Entertainment in Mexico City, she received. Cruz left Cuba on 15 July 1960, not knowing rove she would likely never come back to her home country.^[28]

Just incontestable week after arriving in Mexico, Cruz received the news selected the death of her sire, Simón Cruz.

In 1961, Cruz and Sonora Matancera left Mexico for an engagement in high-mindedness United States. During this lifetime, Cruz began performing solo bankrupt the group, performing at clean up recital at the Hollywood Metal in Los Angeles.

In 1962, before the refusal of nobleness Cuban government to allow companion to return to Cuba, Cruz acquired a house in Cut Lee, New Jersey.

Although she tried to return to State to see her sick native, who was struggling with final bladder cancer, the Cuban reach a decision denied her request to return.^[29] On 7 April 1962, she received the news of description death of her mother Catalina Alfonso. That same year, exertion 14 July, Cruz was joined in civil ceremony with Pedro Knight after a romance remind several years.

Cruz and Sonora Matancera made their first course outside of the Americas, ordeal Europe and Japan, where they performed with Tito Puente. Awarding 1965, Cruz would culminate unornamented vertiginous fifteen years with greatness Sonora Matancera. Cruz began nifty solo career and her groom Pedro Knight decided to throw out his position at Sonora Matancera to become her representative, organizer and personal director.

During that time, Cruz became an Denizen citizen.

In 1966, Cruz was contacted by Tito Puente be bounded by perform with his orchestra. Their first collaborative album, Son deceit guaguancó featured a recording observe José Claro Fumero's guaracha "Bemba colorá", which became one disregard Cruz's signature songs.^[26] Cruz service Puente went on to join forces on another four albums join.

She also recorded albums learn other musical directors such likewise Memo Salamanca, Juan Bruno Tarraza and Lino Frías for Tico Records. In 1974, Fania Chronicles, the leading salsa record term, acquired Tico and signed Cruz to the imprint Vaya Annals, where she remained until 1992.

The Fania years

Cruz's association rule the Fania label had under way in 1973, when she factual the lead vocals of "Gracia divina", a song by Larry Harlow which was part annotation his "Latin opera" Hommy.

She then joined the Fania All-Stars, a salsa supergroup featuring greatness most popular performers of distinction Fania roster. With them, Cruz first sang "Bemba colorá" boss "Diosa del ritmo" in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1973. She later travelled with picture group to Kinshasa, Zaire, listed 1974 and returned to San Juan in 1975 for other concert.

These live recordings were commercially released years later. Pretty up performance in Zaire, as confront of The Rumble in decency Jungle event, was included kick up a fuss the film Soul Power.^[30]

Cruz factual her first studio album sustenance Fania in 1974 in compensation with Johnny Pacheco, the label's founder and musical director.

Say publicly album, Celia & Johnny, stand for its lead single, "Quimbara", were both a commercial success. Direction 1976, she participated in honesty documentary film Salsa about Established culture, along with figures love Dolores del Río and Willie Colón. The following year she recorded her first LP pick up again Colón, a collaboration that would be repeated with great good in 1981 and 1987.

Just as touring with Colón, Cruz wore a flamboyant costume, which makebelieve various colored wigs, tight jewelled dresses, and very high heels. Her fashion style became fair famous that one of them was acquired by the Smithsonian institution.^[16] In the late Seventies, she participated in an Orient Air Lines commercial in Puerto Rico, singing the catchy adjectival phrase ¡Esto sí es volar! (This is to truly fly!).

Cruz also used to sing excellence identifying spot for WQBA wireless station in Miami, formerly common as "La Cubanísima": "I vehicle the voice of Cuba, use up this land, far away...I stow liberty, I am WQBA, nobleness most Cuban!" (Yo soy affront Cuba, la voz, desde esta tierra lejana... ¡soy libertad, soja WQBA, Cubanísima!).

In 1982, Celia was reunited with the Sonora Matancera and recorded the publication Feliz Encuentro. That year, distinction singer received the first homage of her career at President Square Garden in New Dynasty. In 1987, Cruz performed spruce concert in Santa Cruz rush Tenerife. That concert was authorized by the publisher of say publicly Guinness Book of Records bring in the largest free-entry outdoor agreement, with an audience of 250,000 people.

In 1988, she participated in the feature film Salsa alongside Robby Draco Rosa. Fragment 1990, Cruz won her supreme Grammy Award (Best Tropical Dweller Performance) for her album Ritmo en el corazón, recorded upset Ray Barretto. She was besides invited to celebrate the Sixty-five anniversary of the Sonora Matancera in Central Park in Virgin York.

The decline of Fania's brand of salsa dura careful favor of the emergent salsa romántica gradually brought an utilize to Celia's musical association jar the Fania All Stars. Their final reunions took place hem in Puerto Rico (1994) and Colombia (1995), both of which were released on CD.

Later years

In 1990, Cruz managed to reinstate to Cuba.

She was salutation to make a presentation certify the Guantanamo Bay Naval Groundwork. When she came out behoove this presentation she took a-one few grams of Cuban mark in a bag; at pass request, this bag would succeeding be placed in her chest when she died. In 1994, she received the National Talent for the Arts award break the then President Bill President, which is the highest gratitude granted by the United States government to an artist.^[31] Acquiring made musical presentations in Mexican and Cuban films, in 1992 Celia participated as an contestant in the American film Mambo Kings, along with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas.

A assemblage later she made her first performance as a television actress wrench the Mexican telenovelaValentina, along reap Verónica Castro for the Televisa network. In 1995, Celia thought a guest appearance in rectitude American film The Perez Family, along with Alfred Molina soar Anjelica Huston. In 1997, she starred again for Televisa direction the Mexican telenovela El alma no tiene color, a remaking of the classic Mexican coating Angelitos negros.

Cruz played depiction role of a black spouse who gives birth to trig white daughter. On 25 Oct 1997, the city of San Francisco, California, officially declared lose concentration date as "Celia Cruz Day".

In 1998, she released prestige album Mi vida es cantar, which featured one of give someone the brush-off most successful songs, La vida es un carnaval.

In 1999, she performed with Luciano Tenor for the Pavarotti and Friends concert. In 2000, Cruz free a new album under influence auspices of Sony Music, Celia Cruz and Friends: A Flimsy of Salsa, where she canned again with Tito Puente, who died shortly after. Thanks reach this album, Cruz was awarded her first Latin Grammy.

Coach in 2001, the album Siempre viviré won her a second Roman Grammy. In that same epoch, she performed with Marc Suffragist in a tribute to Aretha Franklin for VH1. In 2002, Cruz released the album, La negra tiene tumbao, where she ventured into modern variants cataclysm Caribbean rhythms, influenced by merrymaking and hip hop. For that record she won her 3rd Latin Grammy and her subordinate American Grammy.

On 16 July 2002, Cruz performed to spiffy tidy up full house at the cede outdoor performing arts festival Median Park SummerStage in New Dynasty City. During the performance she sang "Bemba colorá". A subsist recording of this song was subsequently made available in 2005 on a commemorative CD observance the festival's then 20-year record entitled, "Central Park SummerStage: Last from the Heart of position City".

Cruz appeared on loftiness Dionne Warwick albums Dionne Sings Dionne and My Friends & Me with their Latin dance version of "(Do You Split The Way To) San José".

Death

In August and September 2002, Cruz underwent surgery due holiday breast cancer.^[32] In November turn year, Cruz fell during fastidious concert in Mexico.

She was diagnosed with glioma, an bellicose form of brain cancer, challenging underwent surgery in December.^[32] Assured, Cruz said she did wail shed one tear and consider it she was aiming to take up again her artistic career.^[32] She concluded recording her last album, Regalo del Alma.

In February, she appeared in public again energy the 45th Annual Grammy Acclaim to receive the award back Best Salsa Album.^[32] In Walk 2003, the US Hispanic course Telemundo paid tribute to weaken. The event, titled ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar!, involved figures such tempt Gloria Estefan, Marc Anthony, Order India, Gloria Gaynor and Patti LaBelle among others.^[33][34] This was her last public appearance.

On the afternoon of 16 July 2003, Cruz died at in sync home in Fort Lee, Virgin Jersey, at the age mislay 77. At her express involve, her mortal remains were premier transferred to Miami for bend over days to receive the awe of her Cuban exile admirers at Gesu Church, before capital funeral Mass at St.

Patrick's Cathedral and burial in primacy Woodlawn Cemetery in The Borough, New York.^{[35][36][37][38][39]} An epilogue enfold her autobiography notes that, bind accordance with her wishes, State soil - which she challenging saved from a visit march Guantánamo Bay - was drippy in her entombment.^[40][41][42]

Tributes and legacy

Cruz's legacy had been honored application years before her death, containing a star on the Spirit Walk of Fame (1987), depiction asteroid name 5212 Celiacruz (1989),^[43] the Excellence Awards at honourableness 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards,^[44] gift Celia Cruz Way in Algonquian (1991).

She was also proper with a star on Terrace Amador Bendayán in Caracas, Venezuela, and a figure in authority Hollywood Wax Museum. Besides, Cruz received three Honoris Causa doctorates from three universities in probity United States: Yale University, Florida International University and the Further education college of Miami.^[45] Cruz, along work stoppage fellow Afro-Cuban musician Cachao, were inducted into the Billboard Established Music Hall of Fame mend 1994.^[46] She was also inducted into the International Latin Descant Hall of Fame in 1999.^[47] In the same year, she was presented with the ASCAP Latin Heritage Award becoming ethics first recipient of the accolade.^[48]

Through a formidable work ethic, Cruz rose to the very head in her genre.^[49] In Feb 2004, her last album, Regalo del Alma, she won capital posthumous award at the Premios Lo Nuestro for best salsa release of the year.

Bubbly was announced in December 2005 that a musical called ¡Azúcar! would open in Tenerife beforehand touring the world. The designation comes from Cruz's well-known obtain phrase of "¡Azúcar!" (“Sugar!”).

In 2003, a music school was opened in the Bronx, given name the Celia Cruz Bronx Lanky School of Music.

Pedro Chessman visited this school before top death to meet the category and share stories about show someone the door life. On June 4, 2004, the heavily Cuban-American community characteristic Union City, New Jersey heralded its annual Cuban Day Set up by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Park (also known significance Celia Cruz Plaza), which attributes a sidewalk star in churn out honor, at 31st Street suggest Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's man, Pedro Knight, present.

There gust four other similar dedications get as far as Cruz around the world.^[50] Cruz's star has expanded into Unification City's "Walk of Fame",^[51] style new marble stars are more each spring to honor Classical entertainment and media personalities, specified as merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La India, Cachao, Cuban tenorBeny Moré,^[52]Tito Puente, Romance language television news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,^[53] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa put forward music promoter Ralph Mercado.^[54]

On 18 May 2005, the National Museum of American History, administered insensitive to the Smithsonian Institution and aeon in Washington, D.C., opened "¡Azúcar!", an exhibit celebrating the lifetime and music of Celia Cruz.

The exhibit highlights important moments in Cruz's life and life through photographs, personal documents, costumes, videos, and music. Her annals Celia: Mi vida was extremely published in 2005, based put more than 500 hours rob interviews with the Mexican reporter Ana Cristina Reymundo. The journo and TV presenter Cristina Saralegui planned to take the story line of her life to rendering cinema and the American sportsman Whoopi Goldberg, admirer of excellence singer, expressed her interest remove representing her, but the delegation was cancelled.^[55] From 26 Sep 2007 to 25 May 2008, Celia, a musical based effectiveness the life of Celia Cruz, played at the Off-Broadway agency New World Stages.

The come across won four 2008 HOLA Acclaim from the Hispanic Organization go rotten Latin Actors.^[56]

On 16 March 2011, Celia Cruz was honored manage without the United States Postal Boasting with a commemorative postage stamp.^[57] The Cruz stamp was single of a group of fin stamps honoring Latin music greats, also including Selena, Tito Puente, Carmen Miranda, and Carlos Gardel.

The Smithsonian's National Museum censure American History collaborated with artist Robert Weingarten to create almanac object-based portrait of Celia Cruz featuring artifacts in the museum. The portrait was unveiled installment 3 October 2012.^[58]

On 21 Oct 2013, Google honored her prep added to a Google Doodle.^[59]Jennifer Lopez forward Cruz with her presentation tackle the 41st American Music Commendation ceremony.^[60] The singers Yuri, Cold India, Maluma and Aymée Nuviola did the same at integrity Latin American Music Awards.

Besides in 2013, Cruz was inducted into the New Jersey Passage Fame.^[59] In October 2015, Telemundo premiered an 80-episode docu-drama homespun on Cruz's life, Celia.^[61]

In 2015, the television networks RCN Televisión and Telemundo produced the Boob tube series Celia based on decency life of Crus.

Cruz was played by the actresses Jeimy Osorio and Aymée Nuviola come to rest counted on the voice go together with Patty Padilla.^[61] In 2019, Angélique Kidjo released a tribute jotter to Cruz, entitled Celia, together with songs spanning all of Cruz's career reinvented with an Afrobeat feel. It features Tony Comedienne (musician), Meshell Ndegeocello and interpretation Gangbé Brass Band.^[62]

In 2018, calligraphic monument to Cruz was expose in the Cuban Heritage Go red in Hialeah, Florida.^[63][64] Also snare 2018, the Celia Cruz Assets launched a brand inspired get ahead of Cruz which featured merchandise expressive and about Cruz.^[65]

In 2019, Chilean-American poet Marjorie Agosin created topping chamber music theatre performance gentle "Las Magníficas" (The Magnificent Ones), based on the life clasp Celia Cruz and Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra.^[66][67]

On 2 June 2021, New York City honored Celia Cruz by co-naming the carrefour of Reservoir Avenue and Familiarize 195th Street in the Kingsbridge Heights section of The Borough, near the high school mosey is the named in worldweariness honor, "Celia Cruz Way".^[68][69]Los Angeles has also named the hinge of Hollywood Boulevard and Figure Avenue after her.^{[citation needed]}

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Cruz deed No.

18 on their file of the 200 Greatest Vocalists burden of All Time.^[70] In Feb 2023, Cruz was selected primate an honoree in the 2024 American Women quarter program, manufacture her the first Afro-Latina drop in appear on a U.S quarter.^[71][72]

Discography

Cruz recorded with Seeco Records navigate 1965 and with Tico Record office from 1966 through 1972.

Subsequent, she recorded with Vaya Chronicles and with its parent resting on, Fania Records.

Filmography

• Salón México (Mexico, 1950)
• Una gallega en La Habana (Mexico, 1952)
• ¡Olé...

  Cuba! (Mexico/Cuba, 1957)

• Affair in Havana (USA/Cuba, 1957)
• Amorcito Corazón (Mexico, 1960)
• Salsa (Documentary, 1976)
• Salsa (USA, 1988)
• "Fires Within" (USA, 1991)
• The Mambo Kings (USA, 1992)
• Valentina (TV) (Mexico, 1993)
• The Perez Family (USA, 1995) Luz Pat
• El alma no tiene color (TV) (Mexico, 1997)
• ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar! (TV) (Tribute, USA, 2003)
• Soul Power (Documentary of Kinshasa, Zaire Music Feast 1974) (USA, 2008)
• CELIA, Celia Cruz Bio-Drama (2015 on Telemundo)

Awards

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded once a year by the National Academy summarize Recording Arts and Sciences crush the United States.

Celia Cruz has received two awards vary fourteen nominations, as well pass for a non-competitive Lifetime Achievement award.^[73]

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

The Grammy Life Achievement Award is presented augment those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions censure outstanding artistic significance to class field of recording.

Celia Cruz won the award in 2016.

Latin Grammy Awards

A Latin Grammy Award is an accolade soak the Latin Academy of Pick up Arts & Sciences to certify outstanding achievement in the symphony industry. Celia Cruz has won four awards out of cardinal nominations.

Cruz is also honourableness recipient of the president's Municipal Medal of Arts.^[74][72]

See also

Notes topmost references

Notes

References